Rio De Janeiro by Pronay Nicholas.;InterUniversity History Film Consortium.;Wilson Keith M.;

Author:Pronay, Nicholas.;InterUniversity History Film Consortium.;Wilson, Keith M.; [Неизв.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis (CAM)
Published: 2020-07-03T21:00:00+00:00

Barra’s impact on the city

The development and rapid growth of Barra has shifted Rio westward. As shown in Table 7.2, the two planning areas in the western part of the city, AP4 and AP5, have grown rapidly over the last three decades while the population in older parts of the city has declined.

Table 7.2 Population growth in Rio de Janeiro

Census data from 2000 to 2010 indicates that not only is Barra growing much faster than the rest of the city, but also that its growth is even more remarkable among people who do not live in favelas, called the formal population. Between 2000 and 2010 Barra added over 44,000 new residents and while it grew by 48%, Rio grew by 8%. Meanwhile, Barra’s formal population increased by 47%, while Rio’s increased by a mere 4%.

Census data does not provide information about population mobility, that is, where people moved from. This information was obtained by interviewing Barra residents. Interviewees were asked from which zone of the city they moved. Tijuca and Jacarepaguá, two large neighborhoods that lie on the border of affluent coastal neighborhoods and low-income inland neighborhoods were treated as separate categories. Of the people who moved to Barra from neighborhoods in Rio, 31% moved from Tijuca, 27% from Zona Norte, 27% from Zona Sul, 10% from Jacarepaguá and 5% from Zona Oeste.

This data suggests that Tijuca and neighborhoods in Zona Norte will bear the biggest impact of the migration to Barra. These neighborhoods have a mix of middle-class residents and favelados. The departure of the middle-class residents reduces the average household income of these neighborhoods and transforms them from socio-economically mixed neighborhoods into low-income neighborhoods. While the real average income in Rio increased by 0.5% from 2000 to 2010, it increased in Barra by 8% and decreased in practically all Zona Norte neighborhoods.46

The migration from Zona Sul to Barra will not negatively impact Zona Sul. Zona Sul neighborhoods are extremely desirable. They are home to Rio’s highest earners, and residents who move out are quickly replaced. Despite the migration of Zona Sul residents to Barra, the average household income of Zona Sul neighborhoods grew at a rate comparable or faster than Barra’s. Similarly, the migration from Jacarepaguá to Barra is unlikely to negatively impact Jacarepaguá. Jacarepaguá, a middle-class neighborhood adjacent to Barra, benefits from Barra’s rise as Rio’s second business center. From 2000 to 2010, Jacarepaguá grew by 58% and its average household income jumped by 20%.

Barra’s growth and emergence as Rio’s second business center created a ring of favelas around Barra for poor and unskilled workers. At the end of 2010, over half of the population of many neighborhoods surrounding Barra lived in favelas. This pattern of an elite neighborhood encircled by neighborhoods with large concentration of favelas is similar to what happened in Zona Sul.

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